Search results for "GUT MICROBIOTA"
showing 10 items of 113 documents
Effects of exercise and diet interventions on obesity-related sleep disorders in men: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.
2013
Abstract Background Sleep is essential for normal and healthy living. Lack of good quality sleep affects physical, mental and emotional functions. Currently, the treatments of obesity-related sleep disorders focus more on suppressing sleep-related symptoms pharmaceutically and are often accompanied by side effects. Thus, there is urgent need for alternative ways to combat chronic sleep disorders. This study will investigate underlying mechanisms of the effects of exercise and diet intervention on obesity-related sleep disorders, the role of gut microbiota in relation to poor quality of sleep and day-time sleepiness, as well as the levels of hormones responsible for sleep-wake cycle regulati…
Evaluation of Changes in Gut Microbiota in Patients with Crohn’s Disease after Anti-Tnfα Treatment: Prospective Multicenter Observational Study
2020
Background: Crohn’s disease is believed to result from the interaction between genetic susceptibility, environmental factors and gut microbiota, leading to an aberrant immune response. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative changes in the microbiota of patients with Crohn’s disease after six months of anti-tumor-necrosis factor (anti-TNFα) (infliximab or adalimumab) treatment and to determine whether these changes lead to the recovery of normal microbiota when compared to a control group of healthy subjects. In addition, we will evaluate the potential role of the Faecalibacterium prausnitzii/Escherichia coli and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii/Clostridium…
Prebiotic Xylo-Oligosaccharides Ameliorate High-Fat-Diet-Induced Hepatic Steatosis in Rats
2020
Understanding the importance of the gut microbiota (GM) in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has raised the hope for therapeutic microbes. We have shown that high hepatic fat content associated with low abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in humans and, further, the administration of F. prausnitzii prevented NAFLD in mice. Here, we aimed at targeting F. prausnitzii by prebiotic xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) to treat NAFLD. First, the effect of XOS on F. prausnitzii growth was assessed in vitro. Then, XOS was supplemented or not with high (HFD, 60% of energy from fat) or low (LFD) fat diet for 12 weeks in Wistar rats (n = 10/group). XOS increased F. prausnitzii growth, having onl…
An Integrated Approach to Skeletal Muscle Health in Aging
2023
A decline in muscle mass and function represents one of the most problematic changes associated with aging, and has dramatic effects on autonomy and quality of life. Several factors contribute to the inexorable process of sarcopenia, such as mitochondrial and autophagy dysfunction, and the lack of regeneration capacity of satellite cells. The physiologic decline in muscle mass and in motoneuron functionality associated with aging is exacerbated by the sedentary lifestyle that accompanies elderly people. Regular physical activity is beneficial to most people, but the elderly need well-designed and carefully administered training programs that improve muscle mass and, consequently, both funct…
Omega-3 PUFAs and gut microbiota: A preventive approach for colorectal cancer
2021
The influence of diet on the composition of the intestinal microbiota and related pathologies has been known for some time. Some classes of nutrients, such as fatty acids belonging to the omega 3 series, have particular effects on the bacteria that make up the intestinal microbiota. ω-3 PUFAs affect the gut microbiota in three different ways: by modulating the type and abundance of intestinal bacteria, by regulate SCFAs levels, and by alter the levels of proinflammatory mediators. Through these modalities, ω-3 PUFAs could be useful for the prevention of intestinal diseases such as Colorectal Cancer (CRC). The ability of ω-3 PUFAs to modulate the intestinal inflammatory response, to preserve…
Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis Influences Metabolic Homeostasis in Spodoptera frugiperda
2021
Insect gut microbiota plays important roles in acquiring nutrition, preventing pathogens infection, modulating immune responses, and communicating with environment. Gut microbiota can be affected by external factors such as foods and antibiotics. Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an important destructive pest of grain crops worldwide. The function of gut microbiota in S. frugiperda remains to be investigated. In this study, we fed S. frugiperda larvae with artificial diet with antibiotic mixture (penicillin, gentamicin, rifampicin, and streptomycin) to perturb gut microbiota, and then examined the effect of gut microbiota dysbiosis on S. frugiperda gene expression by RNA seq…
EXTRACELLULAR VESCICLES DERIVED FROM GUT MICROBIOTA IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE AND COLORECTAL CANCER
2021
The human gut microbiome encompasses inter alia, the myriad bacterial species that create the optimal host-micro-organism balance essential for normal metabolic and immune function. Various lines of evidence suggest that dys-regulation of the microbiota-host interaction is linked to pathologies such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC). Extracellular vesicles (EVs), found in virtually all body fluids and produced by both eukaryotic cells and bacteria are involved in cell-cell communication and crosstalk mechanisms, such as the immune response, barrier function and intestinal flora. This review highlights advancements in knowledge of the functional role that EVs ma…
Gut microbiota imbalance and colorectal cancer
2016
International audience; The gut microbiota acts as a real organ. The symbiotic interactions between resident micro-organisms and the digestive tract highly contribute to maintain the gut homeostasis. However, alterations to the microbiome caused by environmental changes (e.g., infection, diet and/or lifestyle) can disturb this symbiotic relationship and promote disease, such as inflammatory bowel diseases and cancer. Colorectal cancer is a complex association of tumoral cells, non-neoplastic cells and a large amount of micro-organisms, and the involvement of the microbiota in colorectal carcinogenesis is becoming increasingly clear. Indeed, many changes in the bacterial composition of the g…
Gut Microbiota, Short-Chain Fatty Acids, and Herbal Medicines
2018
As an important source for traditional medical systems such as Ayurvedic medicine and traditional Chinese medicine, herbal medicines have received widespread attentions from all over the world, especially in developing countries. Over the past decade, studies on gut microbiota have generated rich information for understanding how gut microbiota shape the functioning of our body system. In view of the importance of gut microbiota, the researchers engaged in studying herbal medicines have paid more and more attention to gut microbiota and gut microbiota metabolites. Among a variety of gut microbiota metabolites, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have received most attention because of their imp…
COLON MICROBIAL COMPOSITION IS CORRELATED WITH THE SEVERITY OF COLITIS INDUCED BY 2,4,6-TRINITROBENZESULFONIC ACID IN MICE.
2016
The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in some bacterial species of colonic microbiota, the clinical signs and the intestinal changes in mice with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) induced colitis. CD-1 male mice were randomly divided into three groups and inoculated intrarectally with saline ethanol or TNBS solutions. ethanol and TNBS treatments induced weight loss accompained by mild and severe inflammation of the colon mucosa, respectively. however, TNBS-treated mice displayed significant differences compared to the saline group in terms of disease activity index and histological scoring. Both ethanol and TNBS groups showed an increased prevalence of escherichia …